What are some sequela to choke?

• A. Aspiration pneumonia, strictures, diverticula
• B. Pneumonia only
• C. Cough only
• D. Weight loss only

Answer: (A)

Choking can lead to aspiration of food or liquid into the airway, which can cause aspiration pneumonia as the material introduces bacteria into the lungs and inflamed airways. In the esophagus and pharynx, injury from a choking event or repeated irritation during swallowing can heal with scarring, forming strictures that narrow the passage and complicate future swallowing. Chronic disruption at the pharyngoesophageal junction or abnormal swallowing mechanics can also give rise to diverticula, such as Zenker’s diverticulum, which are outpouchings that can trap food and worsen symptoms. Because choking can produce multiple complications, the combination of aspiration pneumonia, strictures, and diverticula represents common sequelae, whereas options that list only one outcome miss other plausible results.