Which clinical signs are most consistent with SI volvulus or intussusception in a foal?

• A. Severe pain, shock
• B. Cough, nasal discharge
• C. Polyuria, polydipsia
• D. Mild colic only

Answer: (A)

Strangulating lesions of the small intestine, like volvulus or intussusception, produce an acute abdomen with compromised blood flow. The most consistent signs are severe, persistent abdominal pain (intense colic) accompanied by systemic signs of poor perfusion, such as a rapid, weak pulse, rapid breathing, sweating, and signs of dehydration or shock. This combination reflects an emergency where the intestine isn’t only obstructed but is becoming ischemic.

Other listed signs don’t fit this scenario. Respiratory signs like cough and nasal discharge point to a chest infection rather than an abdominal surgical issue. Excessive urination and thirst aren’t typical of an acute intestinal strangulation. Mild colic would underrepresent the severity and systemic involvement seen with a strangulating SI lesion.