Which diagnostic tests are used to assess the upper airway?

• A. Endoscope, ultrasound, radiographs, palpation, and physical examination
• B. Blood tests only
• C. ECG and EEG
• D. MRI and CT only

Answer: (A)

Assessing the upper airway relies on a combination of visualization, imaging, and hands-on examination. Endoscopy provides a direct view of the nasal passages, pharynx, and larynx, letting you spot obstructions, lesions, inflammation, or structural problems. Ultrasound adds noninvasive assessment of surrounding soft tissues and neck masses that could affect airway patency. Radiographs offer static images of airway space and anatomical relationships, useful for identifying adenoids, foreign bodies, or narrowing. Palpation and physical examination give bedside information about airway patency, nasal obstruction, external contour, and dynamic factors that imaging might not reveal. Together, these methods give a comprehensive picture of the upper airway.